Infertility Workup

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The Initial Assessment

An infertility evaluation is a step-by-step process that can take from 1-3 months. A thorough evaluation of both partners may determine the cause of infertility and the most appropriate treatment. Sometimes the causes are readily detectable. Other times more in-depth testing is required.

Process of Pregnancy
Process of Pregnancy

In some couples, infertility can be attributed to one specific factor such as low sperm count, fallopian tube damage, or a problem with ovulation. For others, a variety of factors may be present. Causes of infertility also include improper sexual technique, stress, smoking, alcohol, or drug use. In about 10 percent of infertile couples, there is no apparent cause.

By the conclusion of the investigation, your physician will have a better idea of the possible causes of infertility and appropriate treatment options.

Medical History

The evaluation usually begins with both partners' medical histories, a review of any prior medical records, and in-depth questions. Be sure to tell your physician about:

  • previous infertility experience (if any)
  • previous surgical procedures
  • any infertility tests already performed
  • occupational risks
  • history of sexual development
  • use of birth control
  • previous pregnancies
  • sexual practices
  • any current complaints, e.g. weight gain
  • For the female partner: the regularity of your menstrual periods, cramping, pelvic pain, bleeding, discharge or genital infection
  • For the male partner: history of genital injury and/or infection, surgery, and medication or drug usage

Diagnostic Tests

The major components of the reproductive process include production and delivery of sperm, the ovulatory cycle, fertilization, and implantation. Diagnostic tests will help to determine the cause of infertility.

For the woman, the physical exam may include a pap smear, pelvic exam, cervical cultures, urine analysis, blood tests, and pelvic imaging.

The man will usually undergo a semen analysis and, in some cases, a general physical exam.

See a fertility specialist now
We're a national network of over 100 fertility specialists.